ʻOi aku ka nāwaliwali o ke kālepa ʻana o ka mākeke API i kēia manawa ma mua o ka wā ma mua, me nā ʻāpana nui e mālama ana i kahi kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a me nā ala kālepa mākeke e mālama ana i nā kūlana haʻahaʻa a i ʻole e hōʻemi ana i nā paʻa. Hoʻololi maʻalahi nā kumukūʻai kūʻai ma kekahi mau mākeke kūloko ma muli o nā kauoha maoli. Ua nāwaliwali nā kumukūʻai kālepa o Florfenicol, Doxycycline hydrochloride, Tylosin, Neomycin sulfate a me nā mākeke ʻē aʻe, a ua hoʻomau ʻia ka manaʻo hoʻokūkū hoʻolako o nā ʻoihana nui. E makaʻala i ka nūhou maikaʻi i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e nā hale hana nui e like me Colistin sulfate a me Apramycin.
1.Macrolide Series:
ʻO Tylosin Tartrate/Tilmicosin Phosphate:
ʻO Tylosin Tartrate:Loaʻa iā ia ke koi terminal nāwaliwali.
Tilmicosin Phosphate & Tilmicosin kumu:Ua nāwaliwali ka noi, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka mahina i hala, ʻo TilmicosinUa emi mau ke kumu kūʻai a mālama mau i kēia manawa.
Tiamulin hydrogen famarate:Ke hoʻomau nei ka emi ʻana o ka noi a e lōʻihi ka manawa e hoʻi hou ai.
Erythromycin Thiocyanate:
ʻO kekahi hapa o nā mea hana nui e kaupalena i ka hana, ʻaʻole lawa ka lako, piʻi liʻiliʻi ke kumukūʻai, ka nānā mau ʻana.
ʻO Azithromycin:Hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka hemahema o ka lako maka. Hale hana Azithromycinpiʻi ke kumukūʻai, pono e hoʻonui i ka nānā.
2.Amido alcohols Series:
Florfenicol:I Mei, ua nāwaliwali ka mākeke Florfenicol a ua emi iki. Hana nā mea hoʻohana hopekumu kūʻai ma nā koi o kēia manawa, aia ke kumukūʻai ma lalo o ka pae a pono e nānā hou aku i kake kūlana hoʻolako 'mea hana.
3. Nitrofurans Series:
Furaltadone/Furazolidone:ʻO ka hoʻolako ʻana a me ka hana ʻana mai nā mea hana nui he kūpaʻa, a me ke alakaʻimanawa i Mei.
4.Lincomamides moʻo:
Lincomycin Hcl:Paʻa ke kumu kūʻai ʻo Lincomycin. Hoʻoponopono liʻiliʻi kekahi hale hana.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-19-2023